Blood and Immunity
Learning Objectives
- Describe the composition and physical characteristics
of whole blood. Explain why it is classified as a
connective tissue.
- List eight functions of blood.
- Discuss the composition and functions of plasma.
- Describe the structure, function, and production of
erythrocytes.
- Describe the chemical makeup of hemoglobin.
- Give examples of disorders caused by abnormalities of
erythrocytes. Explain what goes wrong in each
disorder.
- List the classes, structural characteristics, and
functions of leukocytes.
- Describe the structure and function of
platelets.
- Describe the processes of hemostasis. List factors
that limit clot formation and prevent undesirable
clotting.
- Describe the ABO and Rh blood groups. Explain the
basis of transfusion reactions.
- List the functions of the lymphatic vessels.
- Describe the structure and distribution of lymphatic
vessels.
- Describe the source of lymph and mechanism(s) of
lymph transport.
- Describe the general location, histological
structure, and functions of lymph nodes.
- Name and describe the other lymphoid organs of the
body. Compare and contrast them with lymph nodes,
structurally and functionally.
- Describe surface membrane barriers and their
protective functions.
- Explain the importance of phagocytosis and natural
killer cells in innate body defense.
- Describe the inflammatory process. Identify several
inflammatory chemicals and indicate their specific
roles.
- Name the body’s antimicrobial substances and describe
their function.
- Explain how fever helps protect the body.
- Define antigen and describe how antigens affect the
adaptive defenses.
- Compare and contrast the origin, maturation process,
and general function of B and T lymphocytes.
- Define immunocompetence and self-tolerance, and
describe their development in B and T lymphocytes.
- Name several antigen-presenting cells and describe
their roles in adaptive defenses.
- Define humoral immunity.
- Compare and contrast active and passive humoral
immunity.
- Describe the structure of an antibody monomer, and
name the five classes of antibodies.
- Define cell-mediated immunity and describe the
process of activation and clonal selection of T
cells.
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