Urinary System
Learning Objectives
- Describe the gross anatomy of the kidney and its
coverings.
- Trace the blood supply through the kidney.
- Describe the anatomy of a nephron.
- Describe the forces (pressures) that promote or
counteract glomerular filtration.
- Compare the intrinsic and extrinsic controls of the
glomerular filtration rate.
- Describe the mechanisms underlying water and solute
reabsorption from the renal tubules into the peritubular
capillaries.
- Describe how sodium and water reabsorption is
regulated in the distal tubule and collecting duct.
- Describe the importance of tubular secretion and list
several substances that are secreted.
- Describe the mechanisms responsible for the medullary
osmotic gradient.
- Explain formation of dilute versus concentrated
urine.
- Define renal clearance and explain how this value
summarizes the way a substance is handled by the
kidney.
- Describe the normal physical and chemical properties
of urine.
- Describe the general location, structure, and
function of the ureters.
- Describe the general location, structure, and
function of the urinary bladder.
- Describe the general location, structure, and
function of the urethra.
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